Jellyfish Antivenoms: Past, Present, and Future
نویسندگان
چکیده
If snake antivenoms are considered orphan drugs, then jellyfish antivenoms are the poorest of the orphans. Despite the diversity, ubiquity and toxicity of the venomous cnidarians, only a single antivenom is available for jellyfish stings worldwide. That antivenom, an ovine whole IgG product, is directed against the ‘box’ jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri, and is manufactured by CSL Limited (Melbourne, Australia). It also neu*Correspondence: Dr. Kenneth D. Winkel, Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Fax: 61 + 3 + 9348 2048; E-mail: [email protected].
منابع مشابه
Twentieth century toxinology and antivenom development in Australia.
It was not until the last decade of the 19th century that an experimental approach (led by Bancroft in Queensland and Martin in Sydney and Melbourne) brought a higher plane of scientific objectivity to usher in the modern era of Australian toxinology. This Australia era, 1895-1905, coincided with and in some respects was the result of the new knowledge emerging from Europe and the Americas of t...
متن کاملNPRB Proposal Summary Page
of Proposed Work (250 words or less): The Bering Sea shelf has experienced significant climatic changes over the past 30 years. During this period of intense physical variation, dramatic and unexpected changes have taken place in the southeastern Bering Sea ecosystem, including large fluctuations in jellyfish biomass. To explore to effects of climate change on jellyfish populations, we will use...
متن کاملClimate Change Modeling and Drought Detection of Lake Neor by Approaching to Past, Present, and Future
این مقاله فاقد چکیده میباشد.
متن کاملMizaj past, present and future
Temperament (Mizaj), as an individual factor, has great importance in traditional medicine and its use in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as the individual lifestyle is very common. Since medicine moves toward Personalized Medicine, the root of individual differences will find its position in different aspects of medicine in early future. In traditional medicine, temperament is ...
متن کاملTeachers’ Professional Competencies: Past, Present, and Future
Teachers’ Professional Competencies: Past, Present, and Future M. Rezaai, Ph.D.* The purpose of this paper is to review the expected professional competencies throughout the history of teacher training in Iran. As such it covers both the past, covering the period from teacher training inception in 1918 to the Islamic revolution in 1979; and the present, since the revolution. Of course t...
متن کامل